A review of the Liberal Party's federal election defeat has found the result was the "most serious loss" for the party in its political history.
The review, carried out by former party director Brian Loughnane and Victorian senator Jane Hume, found results in metropolitan areas and among female voters concerning.
"The result is not comparable to any previous one in Australian political history. Consequently, it poses a significant and unique challenge to the party," the review said.
"The result was driven by a combination of major strategic factors, reinforced by a series of individual and state and local issues which together resulted in the most serious loss for the party in its history."
The report also singled out the contrast between then-prime minister Scott Morrison and Anthony Albanese as one of the biggest negatives for the party.
"The prime minister's standing with voters deteriorated significantly through 2021 to become a significant negative. The prime minister and the party were seen as 'out of touch'," the report said.
"The leadership choice between Scott Morrison and Anthony Albanese became the most influential driver of voting intention during the campaign period."
The coalition suffered a swing of more than five per cent at the May election, with the Liberals losing 18 seats.
The loss of metropolitan seats to teal independents was also highlighted as a significant threat to the party.
"The emergence of the teals meant the party needed to campaign on two different fronts," the review said.
"This naturally also compromised the party's ability to campaign with a single national message."